DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene expression and is usually associated with gene repression. Stress-induced modifications of these writers, erasers, and readers result in important epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and acetylation.ĭuring DNA methylation, cytosine is methylated.ĭNA methylation is a type of epigenetic modification in which methyl groups are added to cytosines of DNA. 9.1 Stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL)Įpigenetic writers, erasers, and readers Įpigenetic changes are performed by enzymes known as writers, which can add epigenetic modifications, erasers, which erase epigenetic modifications, and readers, which can recognize epigenetic modifications and cause a downstream effect.9 Rodent Models Used to Study PTSD Medication.8.3.2 Disruption of Memory Consolidation.8.1.2 D-cycloserine, Trichostatin-a, Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and valproic acid.5.2 Immune dysregulation by HPA Axis Modifications.5.1 Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.

5 Nervous System Structures Affected by PTSD.3 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).2.2 Parental exposure to positive stimulation.2.1.3 Inheritance of small-noncoding RNA.2.1 Parental exposure to trauma and stress.2 Transgenerational epigenetic influences.1 Epigenetic writers, erasers, and readers.

Transgenerational trauma